In a book of his photographs published the year he died (2011) architectural historian Maurice Craig included the image above of Gaulstown, County Westmeath which he had taken in 1975. He recalled seeing the house then for the first time and commented, ‘It looked a bit neglected, but it seemed to be all there, especially the roof. I saw a new house only a few yards away (out of frame on the left) and drew the obvious conclusion: that my pet would soon be bundled away. I was wrong.’
In fact Maurice was wrong on two counts. Firstly there never was a new house only a few yards away, it is actually hundreds of yards away and completely invisible from Gaulstown. And of course its construction did not mean the loss of the old house which continues to stand almost four decades after it was noted by Maurice.
As is unfortunately all too often the case, we know little about the origins of Gaulstown. It bears similarities to a pair of similarly miniature Irish villas, Whitewood Lodge, County Meath (1735) and Ledwithstown, County Longford (1746) both of which are attributed to Richard Castle. Both are also larger and more refined in their details, and one has a sense that Gaulstown, the earliest of the trio (dating from c.1730) was something of a trial run for the other two. Casey and Rowan propose that it might have been designed by Sir Edward Lovett Pearce or perhaps his associate William Halfpenny. Maurice Craig was inclined to agree with this assessment but it seems too grand an attribution for such a modest dwelling. Might not Gaulstown instead have been the work of an amateur, perhaps even the original owner, a member of the Lill family generations of which lived here in the 18th and 19th centuries (although they would change their name to de Burgh for the sake of an inheritance)? Without wishing to disparage its considerable charms and its importance Gaulstown has the appearance of a building containing a variety of architectural motifs borrowed from books but, as the interior layout reveals, without these being necessarily completely understood or interpreted.
Casey and Rowan describe Gaulstown as being of only one storey over raised basement and with an attic, but this is not really the case since it possesses a trio of reasonably substantial floors. The roughcast rendered exterior is rigorously plain of three bays, that in the centre of the south-facing facade projecting forward. A long flight of steps leads to the substantial cut-limestone doorframe, which is an adapted Venetian window above which floats a small Diocletian window beneath the pediment: the only other openings on the front are windows on either side of the entrance, so that the building has an ascetic rigour that is most appealing.
Inside the main floor was originally divided (just like ancient Gaul) into three parts. The centre space formed one room running south to north for the full, albeit not terribly considerable, depth of the house. However at some date, probably for reasons of greater comfort and warmth, a partition wall was inserted dividing it into entrance hall with drawing room behind: the latter has a Venetian window mirroring that used for the entrance. To the east is a dining room, to the west the staircase and, behind it, a small boudoir or office. The stairs are lit by a large window on the return and they lead to a surprising number of bedrooms. Meanwhile the basement is also more generously spacious than would superficially appear to be the case.
‘This appealing structure,’ comments the author of Gaulstown’s assessment in http://www.buildingsofireland.ie ‘was designed with obvious architectural aspirations and is extremely well-proportioned, having instant visual appeal. It is strangely imposing for a structure built on such a small scale and this is down to the quality of the massing.’ This is an admirable summary of the house, which further benefits from its setting, being reached at the end of a long straight drive and surrounded by open countryside. To the immediate west are the remains of the old brick-walled garden, behind is a still-working farmyard. These elements enhance the impression that Gaulstown was always intended as the residence of a gentleman farmer even though Casey and Rowan rightly refer to it possessing ‘an aristocratic or cultivated rusticity.’
Gaulstown apparently changed hands on a number of occasions before being acquired by the current owner’s grandfather. Today it is a family home, the present generation of occupants keenly aware of the building’s need for some remedial work: damp is something of a problem on the gable walls and, as these pictures make clear, the fenestration could be improved. Yet these issues are not insuperable, and one of the pleasures of the house is that it looks to have retained so many of its original features such as the panelled doors and shutters with their chunky lugging, the plain but deep cornicing, the understated stair balustrades and so forth. It could, and ought to, be restored to better condition and the aspiration is that this will happen before too long. A little gem like Gaulstown deserves to be preserved, not least because today there are too few of its kind left in Ireland.
*Readers who studied Latin will no doubt recall the observation in Julius Caesar’s Gallic Wars ‘Gallis est omnis divisa in partes tres’ (Gaul as a whole is divided into three parts).
The schoolboy translation of which was of course- “all Gaul is divided into three halves”
I am happy to say my Latin master would never have allowed any of us to get away with that!
Poor old Halfpenny, alwys given credit for the inferior work ! What a terrible fate for an architect
But at least he is remembered: how many buildings in Ireland are listed as ‘architect unknown’…
What a gorgeous little house!
Indeed it is, as I say, a little gem!
Might this be the house to which Mary Molesworth was exhiled by her lout of a husband, the first Earl of Belvedere? Just a wonderin…… Cheers!
Well, I don’t think so, but thanks for putting forward the idea…
I’ve been reading a fair bit about the lady of late and all accounts indicate she was locked away by her husband for over 30 years at Gaulstown which had been the family residence until the earl built his Belvedere House in 1740. It is at that time that he removed himself and his retainers to the new house but left his wife in isolation at Gaulstown. It was only after her husband’s death was she liberated by her son in 1774.
Let me get back to you about, this, I’m in the US at present and somewhat out of touch both physically and psychologically…
Mystery solved: it was a different Gaulstown, one that stood near Rochfortbridge, and from what I can gather was burned in the 1920s, having long since passed out of the Rochfort family hands (it was subsequently owned by the Brownes, Lords Kilmaine). I hope this clarifies things for you.
Hi Robert,
How kind of you to follow up and sort out my little confusion. I hope you know how much pleasure your blog brings to so many of us out here who just can’t get enough of history and art and architecture – especially as it pertains to Ireland. If you are still over here in the US, I hope you are having a great time.
Cheers! Brendan
Glad to have sorted out that puzzle, and thank you for your very kind remarks about this site, it makes one’s work feel worthwhile. And yes, the Irish Aesthete has returned to his native country – and is busy rustling up further delights for readers in the months ahead…
Gaulston House, Rochfortbridge, Co Westmeath, was burnt on 4 June 1920 –
https://twitter.com/StatelyHomeNews/status/1268529338892218368
This is interesting and a little coincidence as my four times great grandmother was Elizabeth Browne from Westport. Thank you for that information.
Yes, Gaulston was owned by the Rochfort’s during the 18th century.
This is easy enough to research to find the evidence.
https://www.dib.ie/biography/rochfort-george-augustus-a7763
Gaulstown, Belvedere, and Midleton Park were the homes of the Boyd-Rochfort brothers, local landlords in their time.
Thank you for your comment. The Gaulstown to which you refer is a different one to that featured here. If you read my earlier comment (written on the 12th March last) you will see this explained.
Hi Robert…..Thank you for including Gaulstown in your really interesting and informative blog and for your very gracious appraisal . I am looking forward to keeping in touch with your future posts….kindest regards…David Lyons
Dear David,
Thank you for getting in touch, and you are of course most welcome…
George Augustus Rochfort left his properties to his wife who went onto marry into the Boyd family.
George Rochfort had no legitimate heirs to pass on his estate. This is how the Boyd family came to live in Gaulston, the home shown above. George Augustus was my my GGG Grandfather.
Where is that house shown above.
We live near old graveyard.
.which is part gaulstown town estate.
There are two Gaulstowns; this one is a few miles from Castlepollard, County Westmeath